bpf: unify async callback and program retval checks

bpf: unify async callback and program retval checks

Use common logic to verify program return values and async callback
return values. This allows to avoid duplication of any extra steps
necessary, like precision marking, which will be added in the next
patch.

Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Shung-Hsi Yu <shung-hsi.yu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231202175705.885270-8-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>