mmc: core: Use a struct device* as in-param to mmc_of_parse_clk_phase()

mmc: core: Use a struct device* as in-param to mmc_of_parse_clk_phase()

Parsing dt usually happens very early, sometimes even before the struct
mmc_host has been allocated (e.g. dw_mci_probe() and dw_mci_parse_dt() in
dw_mmc.c). Looking at the source of mmc_of_parse_clk_phase(), it's actually
not needed to have an initialized mmc_host, let's therefore pass a struct
device* to it instead.

Also update the only current user, sdhci-of-aspeed.

Reviewed-by: Paul Menzel <pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de>
Acked-by: Andrew Jeffery <andrew@codeconstruct.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Yang Xiwen <forbidden405@outlook.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240229-b4-mmc-hi3798mv200-v7-1-10c03f316285@outlook.com
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>