bcachefs: Move extent_handle_overwrites() to bch2_trans_update()

bcachefs: Move extent_handle_overwrites() to bch2_trans_update()

This lifts handling of overlapping extents out of __bch2_trans_commit()
and moves it to where we first do the update - which means that
BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES can now work correctly in extents mode.

Also, this patch reworks how extent triggers work: previously, on
partial extent overwrite we would pass this information to the trigger,
telling it what part of the extent was being overwritten. But, this
approach has had too many subtle corner cases - now, we only mark whole
extents, meaning on partial extent overwrite we unmark the old extent
and mark the new extent.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>