bindings: cxx: Migrate C++ tests to use Catch2 v3

bindings: cxx: Migrate C++ tests to use Catch2 v3

Catch2 v3.x has API changes which needs to be addressed
in the tests themselves, hence this changeset is to fix
those.

Signed-off-by: Khem Raj <raj.khem@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240531184223.3949069-1-raj.khem@gmail.com
[Bartosz: added a version requirement (>= 3.0) for catch2 to configure.ac]
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>