github ci tests: Update the stable branch name to include fuse-

github ci tests: Update the stable branch name to include fuse-

The branch is actually called fuse-3.17.x

Also disable checkpatch for branches except master, as
it is to do basic checks, while stable branches do not
need that check, assuming cherry-pick happens from master.
Issue with it is that persistently complains about dependabot
changes.

Signed-off-by: Bernd Schubert <bernd@bsbernd.com>