percpu-internal/pcpu_chunk: re-layout pcpu_chunk structure to reduce false sharing

When running UnixBench/Execl throughput case, false sharing is observed
due to frequent read on base_addr and write on free_bytes, chunk_md.

UnixBench/Execl represents a class of workload where bash scripts are
spawned frequently to do some short jobs.  It will do system call on execl
frequently, and execl will call mm_init to initialize mm_struct of the
process.  mm_init will call __percpu_counter_init for percpu_counters
initialization.  Then pcpu_alloc is called to read the base_addr of
pcpu_chunk for memory allocation.  Inside pcpu_alloc, it will call
pcpu_alloc_area to allocate memory from a specified chunk.  This function
will update "free_bytes" and "chunk_md" to record the rest free bytes and
other meta data for this chunk.  Correspondingly, pcpu_free_area will also
update these 2 members when free memory.

Call trace from perf is as below:
+   57.15%  0.01%  execl   [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __percpu_counter_init
+   57.13%  0.91%  execl   [kernel.kallsyms] [k] pcpu_alloc
-   55.27% 54.51%  execl   [kernel.kallsyms] [k] osq_lock
   - 53.54% 0x654278696e552f34
        main
        __execve
        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
        do_syscall_64
        __x64_sys_execve
        do_execveat_common.isra.47
        alloc_bprm
        mm_init
        __percpu_counter_init
        pcpu_alloc
      - __mutex_lock.isra.17

In current pcpu_chunk layout, `base_addr' is in the same cache line with
`free_bytes' and `chunk_md', and `base_addr' is at the last 8 bytes.  This
patch moves `bound_map' up to `base_addr', to let `base_addr' locate in a
new cacheline.

With this change, on Intel Sapphire Rapids 112C/224T platform, based on
v6.4-rc4, the 160 parallel score improves by 24%.

The pcpu_chunk struct is a backing data structure per chunk, so the
additional memory should not be dramatic.  A chunk covers ballpark
between 64kb and 512kb memory depending on some config and boot time
stuff, so I believe the additional memory used here is nominal at best.

Working the #s on my desktop:
Percpu:            58624 kB
28 cores -> ~2.1MB of percpu memory.
At say ~128KB per chunk -> 33 chunks, generously 40 chunks.
Adding alignment might bump the chunk size ~64 bytes, so in total ~2KB
of overhead?

I believe we can do a little better to avoid eating that full padding,
so likely less than that.

[dennis@kernel.org: changelog details]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230610030730.110074-1-yu.ma@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Ma <yu.ma@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

diff --git a/mm/percpu-internal.h b/mm/percpu-internal.h
index f9847c1319989e723e651f8d4d14afb9cbe01ea5..cdd0aa597a8196381211ecefbae98d587dcf7106 100644 (file)
--- a/mm/percpu-internal.h
+++ b/mm/percpu-internal.h
@@ -41,10 +41,17 @@ struct pcpu_chunk {
        struct list_head        list;           /* linked to pcpu_slot lists */
        int                     free_bytes;     /* free bytes in the chunk */
        struct pcpu_block_md    chunk_md;
-       void                    *base_addr;     /* base address of this chunk */
+       unsigned long           *bound_map;     /* boundary map */
+
+       /*
+        * base_addr is the base address of this chunk.
+        * To reduce false sharing, current layout is optimized to make sure
+        * base_addr locate in the different cacheline with free_bytes and
+        * chunk_md.
+        */
+       void                    *base_addr ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
 
        unsigned long           *alloc_map;     /* allocation map */
-       unsigned long           *bound_map;     /* boundary map */
        struct pcpu_block_md    *md_blocks;     /* metadata blocks */
 
        void                    *data;          /* chunk data */