v.gic_dev_type = gic_dev_type;
        v.vm = vm_create_default_with_vcpus(nr_vcpus, 0, 0, guest_code, NULL);
-       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type, false);
+       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type);
 
        return v;
 }
 
        v.vm = vm_create_default(0, 0, guest_code);
 
-       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3, false);
+       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3);
 
        vm_vcpu_add_default(v.vm, 3, guest_code);
 
 
        v.vm = vm_create_default_with_vcpus(6, 0, 0, guest_code, vcpuids);
 
-       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3, false);
+       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3);
 
        kvm_device_access(v.gic_fd, KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_CTRL,
                          KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_CTRL_INIT, NULL, true);
 
        v.vm = vm_create_default_with_vcpus(6, 0, 0, guest_code, vcpuids);
 
-       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3, false);
+       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3);
 
        kvm_device_access(v.gic_fd, KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_CTRL,
                          KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_CTRL_INIT, NULL, true);
        int its_fd, ret;
 
        v = vm_gic_create_with_vcpus(KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3, NR_VCPUS);
-       its_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_ITS, false);
+       its_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_ITS);
 
        addr = 0x401000;
        ret = _kvm_device_access(its_fd, KVM_DEV_ARM_VGIC_GRP_ADDR,
        ret = _kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type, true, &fd);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
-       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type, false);
+       v.gic_fd = kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type);
 
        ret = _kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type, false, &fd);
        TEST_ASSERT(ret && errno == EEXIST, "create GIC device twice");
 
-       kvm_create_device(v.vm, gic_dev_type, true);
-
        /* try to create the other gic_dev_type */
        other = VGIC_DEV_IS_V2(gic_dev_type) ? KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V3
                                             : KVM_DEV_TYPE_ARM_VGIC_V2;
 
 int _kvm_device_check_attr(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr);
 int kvm_device_check_attr(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr);
 int _kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type, bool test, int *fd);
-int kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type, bool test);
+int kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type);
 int _kvm_device_access(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr,
                       void *val, bool write);
 int kvm_device_access(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr,
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-int kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type, bool test)
+int kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type)
 {
        int fd, ret;
 
-       ret = _kvm_create_device(vm, type, test, &fd);
+       ret = _kvm_create_device(vm, type, false, &fd);
 
-       if (!test) {
-               TEST_ASSERT(!ret,
-                           "KVM_CREATE_DEVICE IOCTL failed, rc: %i errno: %i", ret, errno);
-               return fd;
-       }
-       return ret;
+       TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_CREATE_DEVICE IOCTL failed, rc: %i errno: %i", ret, errno);
+       return fd;
 }
 
 int _kvm_device_access(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr,