server: Always rebuild the files involved in an error

Fixes #9884

postcss: Fix line numbers in error messages

Fixes #9880

Update CONTRIBUTING.md

Add some info about commit subject prefixes.

js: Bump test dependency

To work around a cache issue.

deps: Update github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 => v1.5.0

hugolib: Check for nil in shouldRender

Revise the use of htime.Since/htime.Now

We cannot (also, it doesn't add any value)  use that when the `clock` is set,

* To measure time (before that global is set)
* To compare file timestamps re cache eviction

Fixes #9868

tpl/collections: Make sort stable

Fixes #9865

docs: Regen CLI docs

Merge commit '327aaed6d8ca57d8e5e3acb99ff53402ff1c556d'

Squashed 'docs/' changes from 7030fe3a2..2d9da3a56

2d9da3a56 Update build-options.md
5d910e24d Update introduction.md
111482a8d netlify: Hugo 0.98.0
d5505ca6f docs: Regen docs helper

git-subtree-dir: docs
git-subtree-split: 2d9da3a563a90eb8bc80dfb387b25a34b328329e

Use configured timeZone for the clock

And some other related adjustments.

Updates #8787

Add `clock` cli flag

Close #8787

Improve error messages, esp. when the server is running

* Add file context to minifier errors when publishing
* Misc fixes (see issues)
* Allow custom server error template in layouts/server/error.html

To get to this, this commit also cleans up and simplifies the code surrounding errors and files. This also removes the usage of `github.com/pkg/errors`, mostly because of https://github.com/pkg/errors/issues/223 -- but also because most of this is now built-in to Go.

Fixes #9852
Fixes #9857
Fixes #9863

tpl: Improve godoc

github: Add permissions to test action

tpl/crypto: Add example for FNV32a

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.99.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.98.0

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.98.0
[ci skip]

docs: Regen docs helper

Squashed 'docs/' changes from 4c5edacfe..7030fe3a2

7030fe3a2 Remove .hvm file
dd0f98831 Add details for DigitalOcean (#1730)
ff0c8a6e7 netlify: Hugo 0.97.3
e254724a7 Delete hosting-on-bitbucket.md (#1723)
f4304fb7e Remove references to mmark (#1727)
255319023 remove broken link to codeplex.com (#1725)
06cc3856b delete broken link (#1724)
ec80dc069 Revert "netlify: Hugo 0.97.2"
211bad5de netlify: Hugo 0.97.2
cd549bca9 Revert "netlify: Update to Hugo 0.97.1" (#1722)
1039a0a48 netlify: Update to Hugo 0.97.1
a28e0d0d3 Update AddDate method
9077b443f Update lists.md
6b174329a Update lists.md
d87d9e296 netlify: Hugo 0.97.0
fa7db7c7e Merge branch 'tempv0.97.0'
dd6df54b5 Fix broken anchor links (#1717)
6b6743976 Remove StackImpact showcase
d00a7eda9 Fix for Cloudflare docs location (#1716)
890866722 Add git required FAQ & remove ZIP from Quick Start (#1713)
73e82d911 resources: Add `key` to reources.GetRemote options map
6795cd2a1 Correct possible typos re: Alias robots usage (#1165)
efd5d186a Hosting on Cloudflare Pages (#1709)
9239c5f2a deps: Update github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 v2.10.0 => v2.11.0
859573bc8 Merge commit 'ec920363cdeb687c8bcac9c242767d366fb058cb'
21f108f12 docs: Regen CLI docs
9b6e7afd2 Add environment as a new filter to _cascade.target

git-subtree-dir: docs
git-subtree-split: 7030fe3a2ea107a23a4442902cb693557a421523

Merge commit '3902f9a4767fe6e62ac5146728d8311b8cd227e0'

Some godoc adjustments and image struct renames

tpl/crypto: Add FNV32a

Main motivation to get a integer from a string.

markup/goldmark: Fix attribute nilpointer

Fixes 9819

deps: Update to gocloud.dev v0.24.0

Note that the v0.25.0 version is broken (for Hugo, at least).

build(deps): bump github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure from 1.4.3 to 1.5.0

Bumps [github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure) from 1.4.3 to 1.5.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure/compare/v1.4.3...v1.5.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

deps: Update github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.11 => v1.4.12

Fixes #9054
Fixes #9756
Fixes #9757

build(deps): bump github.com/evanw/esbuild from 0.14.36 to 0.14.38

Bumps [github.com/evanw/esbuild](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild) from 0.14.36 to 0.14.38.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/compare/v0.14.36...v0.14.38)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/evanw/esbuild
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

deps: Update github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 v2.11.1 => v2.11.2

Fixes #9820

Some godoc adjustments

tpl/lang: Handle nil values in lang.Merge

resources/page: Mark some more interface methods as internal

For the new documenttion.

Deprecate page.Author and page.Authors

These are not documented, and they don't belong on Page. We should consider having author a first class citizen of Hugo, but as it is not it's better modelled as a taxonomy.

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.98.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.97.3

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.97.3
[ci skip]

Fix syncing of /static regression

As introduced in Hugo `v0.76.1`.

And add a proper test for it.

Fixes  #9794
Closes #9788

Revert "Revert "Fix PostProcess regression for hugo server""

This reverts commit 6c35a1a9eacf2aa86a11ecd31c4022ce330b2f16.

Updates #9794

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.98.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.97.2

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.97.2
[ci skip]

Revert "Fix PostProcess regression for hugo server"

This reverts commit 4deb5c60661bdb1d686664f0207f45517a086f29.

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.98.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.97.1

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.97.1
[ci skip]

Fix PostProcess regression for hugo server

Fixes #9788

Fix MediaType when reading images from cache

Fixes #8931

deps: Upgrade github.com/bep/overlayfs v0.4.0 => v0.5.0

That version implement file.Readdir/Readdirnames for n > 0.

Closes #9783

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.98.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.97.0

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.97.0
[ci skip]

releaser: Reduce parallelism

Revert "build(deps): bump gocloud.dev from 0.20.0 to 0.25.0"

This reverts commit 20162518c450770ebfd54e0e987f34a5cccf236b.

Updates #9778

resources: Add `key` to reources.GetRemote options map

If set, `key` will be used as the only cache key element for the resource.

The default behaviour is to calculate the key based on the URL and all the options.

This means that you can now do:

```
{{ $cacheKey := print $url (now.Format "2006-01-02") }}
{{ $resource := resource.GetRemote $url (dict "key" $cacheKey) }}
```

Fixes #9755

build(deps): bump github.com/evanw/esbuild from 0.14.34 to 0.14.36

Bumps [github.com/evanw/esbuild](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild) from 0.14.34 to 0.14.36.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/compare/v0.14.34...v0.14.36)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/evanw/esbuild
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Make string sorting (e.g. ByTitle, ByLinkTitle and ByParam) language aware

Fixes #2180

Fix gosum checksum errors

Both of the 2 libraries in question have had known "double releases" -- same tag pushed twice with different commits.

Note that this will not resolve itself in Hugo "fully" before we do a new release (which should happen in a day or two).

Fixes #9771

build(deps): bump github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 from 2.11.0 to 2.11.1

Bumps [github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2](https://github.com/tdewolff/minify) from 2.11.0 to 2.11.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/tdewolff/minify/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/tdewolff/minify/compare/v2.11.0...v2.11.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

compare: Add a string sort benchmark

Replace all usage of  CopyOnWriteFs with OverlayFs

Fixes #9761

deps: Update github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 v2.10.0 => v2.11.0

Fixes #9713
Fixes #9740

Adds support for minify.tdewolff.svg.keepComments (bool)

Squashed 'docs/' changes from 63386081c..4c5edacfe

4c5edacfe cSpell config update (#1700)
9df788b25 Fix broken link (hugo modules) (#1710)
9928a70d6 Fix workspace formatting (#1707)
55467e7c8 Update partials.md
9f4bd0023 Update formats.md
9b3913c86 Remove footnoteAnchorPrefix and footnoteReturnLinkContents (#1704)
94502a09b Code block render hooks are introduced in v0.93.0 (#1701)
c447270ef Update sitemap-template.md
78665c1e0 Update sitemap-template.md
60653c17d Update the caddy error docs link (#1696)
9a3675aad Update sitemap templates (#1699)
e0d08cdbb Add wpxr-to-static to list of migration tools (#1512)
b53eb5a08 Add page for deploying with rclone (#1511)
4207c57ff netlify: Hugo 0.96.0
a18d646ea docs: Regen docshelper
e3e0981ed docs: Regen CLI docs
fda988d01 Merge commit 'd276e901b36d2576ef8350ed96b17f66254eac1b'
e4a26dbca tpl/crypto: Add optional encoding arg to hmac function

git-subtree-dir: docs
git-subtree-split: 4c5edacfeebd13eb7f876723c065466cd50e0cae

Merge commit 'ec920363cdeb687c8bcac9c242767d366fb058cb'

docs: Regen CLI docs

Rework the Destination filesystem to make --renderStaticToDisk work

See #9626

Revert "Revert "Some minor adjustments to the new static filesystem logic""

This reverts commit 5ef8a9f32c25a9b4cc821393c58733e57a7ad234.

Revert "Revert "Allow rendering static files to disk and dynamic to memory in server mode""

This reverts commit 64b7b7a89753a39661219b2fcb92d7f185a03f63.

build(deps): bump github.com/evanw/esbuild from 0.14.31 to 0.14.34

Bumps [github.com/evanw/esbuild](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild) from 0.14.31 to 0.14.34.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/compare/v0.14.31...v0.14.34)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/evanw/esbuild
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

modules/client: Vendor config directory if present

Fixes #9751

resources: Create a common ResourceFinder interface

And make both .Resources and resources implement it.

This gets us 2 new methods/functions, so you can now also do:

* .Resources.Get
* resources.ByType

Note that GetRemote is not covered by this interface, as that is only available as a global template function.

Fixes #8653

build(deps): bump gocloud.dev from 0.20.0 to 0.25.0

Bumps [gocloud.dev](https://github.com/google/go-cloud) from 0.20.0 to 0.25.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/google/go-cloud/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/google/go-cloud/compare/v0.20.0...v0.25.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: gocloud.dev
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

build(deps): bump golang.org/x/tools from 0.1.9 to 0.1.10

Bumps [golang.org/x/tools](https://github.com/golang/tools) from 0.1.9 to 0.1.10.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/golang/tools/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/golang/tools/compare/v0.1.9...v0.1.10)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golang.org/x/tools
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

build(deps): bump github.com/magefile/mage from 1.12.1 to 1.13.0

Bumps [github.com/magefile/mage](https://github.com/magefile/mage) from 1.12.1 to 1.13.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/magefile/mage/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/magefile/mage/blob/master/.goreleaser.yml)
- [Commits](https://github.com/magefile/mage/compare/v1.12.1...v1.13.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/magefile/mage
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

build(deps): bump github.com/gobuffalo/flect from 0.2.4 to 0.2.5

Bumps [github.com/gobuffalo/flect](https://github.com/gobuffalo/flect) from 0.2.4 to 0.2.5.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/gobuffalo/flect/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/gobuffalo/flect/compare/v0.2.4...v0.2.5)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/gobuffalo/flect
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Localize all the GroupBy*Date methods

Fixes #9745

build(deps): bump github.com/getkin/kin-openapi from 0.93.0 to 0.94.0

Bumps [github.com/getkin/kin-openapi](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi) from 0.93.0 to 0.94.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/compare/v0.93.0...v0.94.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/getkin/kin-openapi
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

deploy: Set an MD5 attribute and use that if eTag not available

During Hugo deploy when a remote MD5 is invalid (e.g due to multipart eTag) Hugo reads the entire remote file and calculates the MD5 again which can be slow.

This commit updates the file upload so that it will also store an MD5 hash in the cloud provider's attributes. e.g in AWS this looks like x-amz-meta-md5chksum: 26fe392386a8123bf8956a16e08cb841.

build(deps): bump github.com/sanity-io/litter from 1.5.2 to 1.5.4

Bumps [github.com/sanity-io/litter](https://github.com/sanity-io/litter) from 1.5.2 to 1.5.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/sanity-io/litter/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/sanity-io/litter/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/sanity-io/litter/compare/v1.5.2...v1.5.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/sanity-io/litter
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

build(deps): bump github.com/evanw/esbuild from 0.14.25 to 0.14.31

Bumps [github.com/evanw/esbuild](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild) from 0.14.25 to 0.14.31.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/compare/v0.14.25...v0.14.31)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/evanw/esbuild
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

build(deps): bump github.com/frankban/quicktest from 1.14.2 to 1.14.3

Bumps [github.com/frankban/quicktest](https://github.com/frankban/quicktest) from 1.14.2 to 1.14.3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/frankban/quicktest/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/frankban/quicktest/compare/v1.14.2...v1.14.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/frankban/quicktest
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Add environment as a new filter to _cascade.target

Fixes #9612

Merge branch 'release-0.96.0'

Snap: Add {system,user}-gitconfig plugs to read gitconfig (#9619)

* Add system-gitconfig plug to read /etc/gitconfig
* Add user-gitconfig plug to read user-specific gitconfig file(s)
* Add app environment setting to set $HOME as $SNAP_REAL_HOME

releaser: Prepare repository for 0.97.0-DEV

[ci skip]

releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.96.0

[ci skip]

releaser: Add release notes for 0.96.0
[ci skip]

docs: Regen docshelper

docs: Regen CLI docs

Squashed 'docs/' changes from a393f4cf4..63386081c

63386081c update cSpell config update
15c76494b Update cSpell custom dictionary (#1694)
34f3167b7 Update image processing (#1625)
7462cc798 fix: pipes in sample code break table creation (#1686)
48736447e Update anchorize.md
2ff0bd10b netlify: Hugo 0.95.0
0fc1d21b2 Update configuration.md
41855e372 Fix #1682
8c663433e Update related.md
7aa072eab netlify: Hugo 0.94.2
1682c7ee7 Update render-hooks.md
ce1283cc4 Move the Render Hooks doc to its own page
bbbbfbfc6 Update configuration-markup.md
92d91a316 Update configuration-markup.md
2e8068823 Update configuration-markup.md
ff2dbca60 Update configuration-markup.md
89d8e5d65 Add code block documenation
e993539f0 Update shortcodes.md
c1b28dbfe netlify: Hugo 0.94.1
81b8c9b83 Merge branch 'tempv0.94.1'
4763b3d50 docs: Regenerate CLI docs
b18463971 netlify: Bump to Hugo 0.94.0
4152ebc1d Merge branch 'tempv0.94.0'
ba3a11ac2 docs: Regenerate docshelper
e64016d13 docs: Regenerate docshelper
29180e4d2 add `.html` suffix to partial usage and references
3213e00f2 Docs tidy-up
6cfcae4b7 docs: Regenerate CLI docs
8a6cd0b4d docs: Regenerate docshelper
b20ab262f Merge commit 'd706529720b3b2ccb99719ccd578062ca25a0cc2'

git-subtree-dir: docs
git-subtree-split: 63386081c55de6a7f97adde564a9cfc2ad326119

Merge commit 'd276e901b36d2576ef8350ed96b17f66254eac1b'

Deprecate .File.Extension

Fixes #9352

resources: Add more details to .Err

This commit adds a .Data object (a map with `Body`, `StatusCode` etc.) to the .Err returned from `resources.GetRemote`, which means you can now do:

```
{{ with .Err }}
{{ range $k, $v := .Data }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
```

Fixes #9708

commands: Change link protocol to https

build(deps): bump github.com/getkin/kin-openapi from 0.91.0 to 0.93.0

Bumps [github.com/getkin/kin-openapi](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi) from 0.91.0 to 0.93.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/compare/v0.91.0...v0.93.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/getkin/kin-openapi
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

tpl/crypto: Add optional encoding arg to hmac function

Closes #9709

Fix typo

Fix some typos

Signed-off-by: cuishuang <imcusg@gmail.com>
[foka@debian.org: Resolve merge conflict and squash 2 commits]
Signed-off-by: Anthony Fok <foka@debian.org>

Update CONTRIBUTING.md to use "go install" to install mage

In Go 1.18, "go get" no longer builds packages.